If there are two major fears associated with setting up a home theater system they are, "What do all these cables do and are they the right ones?" and "Where do I put these so they don't get in the way?" If you're one of the unlucky ones, at some point you realized not only do these cables not match the system but you'll need more cables to make them work. That's where connectors and adapters come in.
Connectors
Connection cables are generally short, though you can buy them at different lengths. They will have the ports needed for the conversion and won't take up much more space than that. You can buy them for DVI to HDMI, computer displays to DVI, auxiliary audio, Serial ATA to USB, RCA connections for games, etc. The goal is to look for the combination you need so take a look at the wires you're dealing with and the ports. It's simple to mix up if the ports look similar. Make sure you double check the amount of pins. If they're labeled or colorup as well as your TV. Home theaters aren't complete without making sure the acoustics will give you the full potential, hence the adapters should at least be feasible for giving you a signal.
Adapters
If you plan on traveling anywhere or you bought something like a dualway signal splitter port. Other major adapter pieces include things for heavy duty (or high voltage intake) accessories. Speaker banana plugs should provide high quality connections for audio.